Nuremberg Trials Essays - International Criminal Law, War Crimes

Nuremberg Trials After World War II, numerous war-crimes trials tried and convicted many Axis leaders. Judges from Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States tried twenty-two Nazi leaders for: crimes against humanity (mostly about the Holocaust), violating long-established rules of war, and waging aggressive war. This was known as the ?Nuremberg Trials.? Late in 1946, the German defendants were indicted and arraigned before a war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg. Twenty of the defendants were physicians who, as governmental, military, or SS officials, stood at or near the top of the medical hierarchy of the Third Reich. The other three occupied administrative positions which brought them into close connection with medical affairs. It all started when people started hearing about the Nazi's in human acts, just about four months after World War II started. No one would believe that such a thing would happen. While the people were thinking like that the Jews were being shipped out of the country. Some of them were put in working camps or at a person's farm. This was the beginning of the Final Solution of the German's Problem (the Holocaust). On August 8 the Four Power nation signed the London Agreement. They later named it the International Military Tribunal (IMT), it had 8 judges, one judge and one alternate. This was made so that they would try to stop the Nazi crimes (Rice Jr. 81). They had supplementary Nuremberg hearings that were broken down into twelve trials. In connection with these trials, the U.S. military tribunals had thirty-five defendants and released nineteen of them because they could find anything to get them on (Rice Jr. 76). They made Nuremberg Laws because of Hitler's concentration camps and his other inhuman acts (Rice Jr. 31). He didn't go by the lead system, he made himself the Supreme Judge. Hitler could imprison or execute anyone he wanted to. He made laws keeping Jews out of certain public places or jobs. He wouldn't let Jews have German citizenship. The Nuremberg Laws stated that there would be no more inhuman acts or segregation of Jews. One of the positive sides of the Nuremberg incident was the trials documented Nazi crimes for posterity. Many citizens of the world remember hearing about the Nazi's brutalities and inhuman acts (Rice Jr., 5). Hundreds of official Nazi documents entered into evidence at Nuremberg tell the horrible tale of the Third Reich in the Nazi's own words. Six million Jews, and others not liked by the Nazis were killed. Not one convicted Nazi denied that the mass killing had occurred. Each disclaimed only personal knowledge and responsibility. The negative things that happened at Nuremberg were the establishment of the I.M.T. has yet to le ad to a permanent counterpart before which crimes against humanity can be tried. Twenty-four wars between nations and ninety-three civil wars or insurgencies between 1945 and 1992, no international body had been convened to try aggressor nations or individuals accused of war crimes. To prosecute and punish aggression rest still on the wavering will of an international community ever reluctant to impose sanctions on offending governments (Rice Jr. 100). Despite the reluctance of nations to unite in common cause and move swiftly toward a lasting road to aggression, hope yes abides for the best of Nuremberg's brightest promise. The world had a problem of what to do about the Nazi regime that had presided over the extermination of some six million Jews and deaths of millions of others with no basis in military necessity. Never before in history had the victors tried the vanquished for crimes committed during a war (Rice Jr., 97). Yet never in history had the vanquished perpetrated crime s of such inhumanity. The I.M.T., like the courts in many countries, have held to the principle that persons committing a criminal violation of international law are responsible for violation, on the grounds that crimes of this nature are the result of their own acts (Rice 1492). The tribunal thought for crimes carried out on orders from above, since many of the crimes had been committed in one with the Reich policy (Rice 1493). The portion of the I.M.T. judgment dealing with war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by

USS Pensacola essays

USS Pensacola essays My grandfather, who is still alive today, joined the United States Navy in 1944, as a young man. He went through basic training at Great Lakes Training Base. After his graduation from basic training, he was sent to the South Pacific for duty. His first assignment was in the Admiralty Islands on a floating dry dock. After a short tour there, he was sent to the Philippine Islands where he was assigned duty with the Naval Supply Depot and the 24th Seabees. His job there was to oversee the establishment of a supply depot for supplying the 5th and 7th fleet. My grandfather oversaw the unloading of the many incoming cargo ships that were carrying war supplies and much more. The location of this supply depot was in a hot zone that took on fire many times each and every day. It was mostly sniper fire. According to my grandfather, the snipers were not very good. They scored very few actual hits. They were taken out by United States forces. The sailors would typically take cover u ntil the fire stopped, and then resume working. My grandfather spent slightly more than one year in the Philippine Islands. Once the war was declared to be over, and the smoke had cleared from the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, he transferred back to the 7th fleet. He was assigned duty on the USS Pensacola (CA-24). The USS Pensacola was a heavy cruiser that was named after the city of Pensacola, Florida. This heavy cruiser was built at the Navy Yard, New York, at a cost of $11,100,000. It was launched from the Navy Yard on April 25, 1929. This amazing ship stood sixty five feet three inches tall and measured five hundred eighty five feet seven inches long, displacing nine thousand one hundred tons of water. There were ten eight inch fifty five caliber guns, eight five inch twenty five caliber guns, and several twenty and forty millimeter canons. The heavy cruiser was capable of air attacks, surface engagements, and ...

Ombudsman in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ombudsman in the UK - Essay Example This means that this is an office that is supposed to check on the excesses of the government and it officer as far as handling of the citizens is concerned. It has been formed as the main force that helps the aggrieved parities to deal with the government. In this case it is supposed to check on the way the government and its officers having being given more power by the constitution that the people who they rule deal with the people. This office has an important function as it helps to provide a check and balance between the powers of the government officers and how they are applied to the people. This is one of the most important offices in the UK which has been serving the above mentioned function. In the UK, this office has been formed in the parliament and is called Parliament Commissioner for Administration. Although it has been referred as an imported institution that was formed in the Scandinavian soil, the office has been given the mandate to act on receiving complains from the public and then carrying out investigation and giving the recommendations to the parliament for the implementation of the necessary process. During its formation there were various agreements that surrounded the way the department could function amid the emerging parliamentary democracy and how it could fit to the legal framework. In real sense these earlier fears have been reflected in the functioning of the office as it has not been able to meet the expectations of the people. There have been many concerns about the functioning of the office not only in the UK but also in other places where it has been instituted. There have been claims that the office has not been meeting its mandates to protect the people from the excesses of the government. There has been issue with the way that one can represent their cases to the office. The office in the UK has not put up a framework that make is easy for the aggrieved party.

Strategic Business Leadership in Wendicon Technologies Limited Essay - 1

Strategic Business Leadership in Wendicon Technologies Limited - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the engineers often complain of getting delayed in their operational pursuits for needing to fill up manual timesheets from the different consumers to which they render services. Owing to the need for filling in manual timesheets the engineers often get delayed in being able to serve other consumers in the region. Thus, they steadily arise the need for innovating the current manual process to make it electronic. This would help in enhancing the customer servicing activity of the company and in motivating the internal people to work in an innovated atmosphere. The management team of the company continually worked to render innovation in the existing operational process of management of manual timesheets. To render innovation in the business process the team worked to align the capability of the staff along with the available resources to help build innovative systems. The management team has focused on aligning the professional capability of the technical base of the organization to help construct an electronic commerce application which would reach a larger consumer base via the iPads. However to counter the process of innovation in a successful manner the company management has helped aside a large pool of funds to help in the enhancement of the infrastructural base. The innovation team of the concern would help in the construction of an electronic data sheet which would be transmitted to the consumer through the help of iPads. This innovation rendered to the process would help the consumers get timely notifications of the work performed by the engineers following which invoices would be dispatched to them. In the process of rendering the process innovation, the company is required to estimate the turnover of the same in terms of the investment rendered.

Rhetorical anaylsis and values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetorical anaylsis and values - Essay Example However in another room, Molly Ravi’s friend and Ravi were watching the proceedings in the room. They watched as the two kissed and later took off their shirts with their pants still on. With this footage, the two posted the video on the internet and the next day, most people were able to view it. This made Clementi to commit suicide the next day blaming it all on his roommate. This raised a major international concern on cyber bullying and how the LGBT. The story of Clementi’ death reached his parents who later in an interview gave a clear revelation of how hard it had been for them to come to terms with this information that their child was gay. His mother in particular was very sad after learning that Clementi had died knowing that she had disowned her. This story contains instances of societal injustices that are critically discussed in this paper and how they affected clement. The interview of Clementi’s parents with the media can be used through rhetorical analysis to bring out the values of this community. I am claiming that women and men react differently when faced with a challenge. The reason I am claiming this is because of the soon after revealing to his parents that he was gay, Clementi’s father accepted the fact and took time to discuss with his son a few matters pertaining to his sexuality. Their younger son too did not show any signs of disregard for clementi’s sexuality but instead was silent on the matter. However, after the death of his brother, he too came clear that he was gay. Clementi’s mother reacted in a way that suggested to clement that she had completely rejected him as a son. This is a clear depiction of pathos in the essay. In a later interview with the mother after the death of their child, she insists that it was a difficult for her to accept that her son had been hiding things from her for a long time and that her church members would not be happy with this revelation since homosexuality is a sin. This revelation clearly brings out the opposition between man verses woman. Clementi’s father even after knowing that their son was gay accepted this fact as a man while his mother had difficulty accepting this yet they had raised the boy together. Their different actions show that to some degree, men are more understanding as compared to women. This is one of the rhetorical ideas that this story present. The story also gives us a clear picture of how Clementi had caused a rift between his father and his mother of his sexuality. This also brings in this rhetoric point that women find it hard to accept change and instead, they often resist it with all they can find. The parents lived in a suburb and in that suburb, gay people were extremely discriminated against that Clementi’s mom could not bear the idea of everyone knowing that her son was gay. The father however did not mind. This too clearly shows the difference in how men and women tackle issues. the Cle mentis’ I am claiming that the church disciplines the way that the suburbs work. The reason I am claiming this is because of the way that clementi’s mum reacted to the information that her own son was gay and how she had difficulty in accepting this fact just because her church had taught that being gay is a sin. In one of Clementi’

The Philippine Is Rich In Natural Resources

The Philippine Is Rich In Natural Resources Current environmental laws consist of P.D No.984 entitled pollution control law that declaring policy to prevent, abate and control pollution of water, air and land for the more effective utilization of the resources of this country. The government was the one in charge to determine the location, magnitude, extent, severity, causes, effects and other pertinent information regarding pollution of the water, air and land resources of the country, and to issue orders or decisions to compel compliance with the provisions of the decree. The commission was the one who give issue, renew, or deny permits, under such conditions as it may determine to be reasonable, for the prevention and abatement of pollution, for the discharge of sewage, industrial waste, or for the installation or operation of sewage works and industrial disposal system. The commission, by rules and regulations, may require subdivisions, condominium, hospitals, public buildings and other similar human settlements to put up appropriate central sewage system and sewage treatment works, except that no permits shall be required of any new sewage works or changes to or extensions of existing works that discharge only domestic or sanitary wastes from a single residential building provided with septic tanks or their equivalent. The Commission may impose reasonable fees and charges for the issuance or renewal of all permits herein required For Presidential Decree 984 otherwise known as the Pollution Control Decree of 1978 is a national policy aimed to prevent, abate and control pollution of water, air and land for the more effective utilization of the resources of this country. In this Decree of 1978, the commission may conduct scientific experiments, investigations and research to discover economical and practical methods of preventing water, air and land pollution. Also, the commission may cooperate with any public or private agency in the conduct of such experiments, investigations and research for given any international, national or other public or private agency for water, air and land pollution control activities, surveys or program. The commission may secure such services as it, necessary from other agencies of the National Government, and they make arrangements for the compensation of such service. The commission may also employ and compensate, within appropriations available therefore, such consultants, exper ts, and advisers, or assistants on a full or part time basis, coming from the government or private entities ,to carry out the provisions of this decree and may prescribe their powers, duties and responsibilities. Under the P.D 1152 this is the policy for the various aspects of environmental management such as air and water quality management, natural source development, land and waste management. It provides a program to environmental protection and management, with reference to policies and standards of noise, air quality, water quality, classification of water and waste management. the P.D 1152 this is the policy for the various aspects of environmental management such as air and water quality management, natural source development, land and waste management. And for the R.A 1990 also known as the Toxic Substance and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 regulating the important, use, movement, treatment and disposal of toxic chemicals and Hazardous and nuclear waste in the Philippines. Under P.D 856 Sanitation code for the solid waste management in his area of production can be places the responsibility in the local government units. Hotel and Tourism Management is affected by the current environmental laws in the Philippines, in previous effective wastewater treatment can prevent serious illness among guests and staff members, and limit the number of serious complaints from guests who become infected after drinking or swimming in polluted waters. It will also reduce the chance of cancellations from potential guests. Now, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Minimize wastewater discharge by reducing water use. Use biodegradable detergents and cleaning agents that are compatible with the wastewater treatment technology. Recycle paper products from the office for wrapping other items. Reuse treated graywater for washing floors, flushing toilets and irrigating gardens and golf courses. Separate waste at the source, rather than having to go through all the trash after it is collected. For example, provide containers for recyclables in guest rooms and compost bins in kitchen work areas. Because of the Environmental laws that government provide, Hotel and Tourism Management can provide also the best service to the hospitality industry which they are not allowed to built a business without permitted of the government. Under the decree of 1978 they have the commissions to cooperate with any public or private agency in the conduct of such experiments, investigations and research for given any international, national or other public or private agency for water, air and land pollution control activities, surveys or program. This is for the safety of the guest or tourist which is for the benefit of others. Hotel and Tourism Management can help improve the current environmental situation in the Philippines Environmental responsibility makes ecological sense, because keeping the environment pristine means that tourists will come to appreciate and enjoy the natural beauty of the location of your business. Increasingly, environmental responsibility also makes financial sense. Gone are the days when going green necessarily meant making large investments in expensive technology. Simple waste segregation, for example, can drastically reduce an island resorts expenses in transporting garbage off the island. Encouraging guests to follow simple steps, such as turning off lights and recycling water, could mean saving thousands on a resorts water bill. . Encourage staff to become involved in volunteer projects such as beach clean-ups and awareness campaigns. Educate guests as to how they can make a positive contribution to local biodiversity conservation efforts. Every business aims for long-term feasibility, and tourism based enterprises are no exception. A prime tourist attraction is a place that is full of life and abundance, a place where visitors can relax and feel that all is right with the world-a place they would pay hard-earned money to see and experience. Whether it means keeping the surroundings clean, making sure there is abundant water and electricity to use, or assuring guests of a nature experience they will not forget, maintaining a tourist destination means sustaining the life around it, and carrying out responsible operations that will make such sustenance possible. It takes only a few simple steps, the involvement and commitment of the people concerned, and a few adjustments in existing working and management systems to make environmental awareness a habit. Its a habit that is good for the soul, good for the community, good for Mother Nature-and happily, also good for business. Hotel and Tourism Management can improve the current situation of the environme nt in the Philippines by guiding the guest or tourist to become more efficient. Hotel and Tourism Management can help through orient the guest or tourist for them to know or understand the preservation of environment. To educate others, encouraging that environment is important. The conservation can enhance a places reputation among guests, other individuals and groups concerned about the environment. Supporting conservation efforts can generate positive publicity and improve relationships with local people and organizations. Hotel and Tourism Management can help improve the current situation in the Philippines by promoting the environment to become more clean and green, preserves the generation as the inspiration of mother nature. Hotel and Tourism Management can help the environment situation as a role model to our industry, to promote to others the need of our environment and for our everyday life.

Aztec :: essays papers

Aztec The Aztec lived in the city of Tenochtitlan, which is a fertile basin about 50 miles long and as wide. Surrounded by mountain ranges and several volcanoes, the Aztec has abundant supply of water. With being 8000ft above sea level the day were mild and the nights are cold during much of the year. The Aztecs name means "heron people" their name is derived from the mythical homeland to the north called Azatlan. This in mind their language(Nahuatl) also belong to the linguistic family as the Soshonean, a tongue will represented among the Indians of the Untied States. In the Aztecs culture their main principal crop was maize. Maize was usually cooked with lime then ground to make dough, then patted into tortillas, other principal crops were beans, squash, tomatoes, cotton, chilies. The two crops maguey and agave were used as cord, sacks and sandals and a substitute for cotton in clothing. From the juice of the maguey was use in a mild form of alcohol called pulque, which was the ceremonia l drink. Only the old men of the committee was able to drink pulque freely, otherwise among the younger generation couldn't get drunk except at certain religious feast. Drunkenness was considered a serious offense even punishable by death. In the Aztecs culture there were clans, each clan there was tribes and each tribe was divided up. Then each family were allotted sufficient land for its maintenance, if no one else were alive in the family, then the land were reverted back to the tribe. Urban communities, the land were communal, each group called capulli was composed of a few families that jointly owned a piece of land. Then part of the yield was given to the state as a tax. Rest of yield would be either sold, traded or for their own use. There were two kinds of farmer, first there was the general field workers. They were in charge with preparing the soil, breaking up clods, hoeing(with the coa digging sticks), leveling, setting boundary markers, planting, irrigating, winnowing and storing grain. The second kind of farmer were the horticulturists their job was planting of trees, transplanting, crop sequences, rotations and a supervisory role, for they were expected to read the Tonalamatl almanacs to determine the time for planting and harvest. One of the unusual feature of the Aztec agriculture were the floating gardens. These gardens were built by digging ditches into squares or rectangle, then they would pile up mud on the area which the ditches enclosed.